# Source dossier
New Eruditions • research checked 30 September 2026 • Article 01 supporting source record

## Evidence rules
“Verified” means verified as a source's published claim, not independently validated as the true size of the market. Analyst totals are estimates. Only public releases, public research descriptions, an original historical PDF and a company disclosure were used. No paid datasets, interviews or proprietary New Eruditions market data were used.

The original releases are S1 and S2. Their target period is Q4 2025; their publication dates fall in 2026. Current program descriptions are supporting context, not frozen evidence of the exact Q4 model. Each source below preserves its title, date, URL, support and limits. The structured companion is sources.json.

## Source records

### S1 — GenAI Helps Drive Quarterly Cloud Revenues to $119 Billion as Growth Rate Jumped Yet Again in Q4
- Publisher: Synergy Research Group.
- Publication date: 2026-02-05
- URL: [Synergy Research Group: Original Q4 2025 release](https://www.srgresearch.com/articles/genai-helps-drive-quarterly-cloud-revenues-to-119-billion-as-growth-rate-jumped-yet-again-in-q4)
- Role: Original Q4 2025 release.
- Captured claims: {"quarter":"Q4 2025","geography":"Worldwide","value_billion":"119.1","headline_billion":"119","full_year_2025_billion":"419","growth_percent":"30","growth_basis":"Impact of major currency fluctuations backed out","public_iaas_paas_growth_percent":"34","vendor_shares_percent":{"Amazon":28,"Microsoft":21,"Google":14},"categories":["IaaS","PaaS","hosted private cloud"],"metric_labels":["enterprise spending","service revenues"],"currency_symbol":"$"}.
- Short exact evidence: “including IaaS, PaaS and hosted private cloud services”.
- Supports: The printed estimates, category list, shares, quarter, geographic scope and FX caveat.
- Limits: Not raw vendor data. No product-level allocation, FX bridge, rounding policy, full coverage list or revision history. $ interpreted as USD for arithmetic; no ISO currency designation in inspected body.

### S2 — Omdia: Global cloud infrastructure spending rose 29% in Q4 2025 as hyperscalers scaled AI infrastructure investment
- Publisher: Omdia.
- Publication date: 2026-03-26
- URL: [Omdia: Original Q4 2025 release](https://omdia.tech.informa.com/pr/2026/mar/global-cloud-infrastructure-spending-rose-29percent-in-q4-2025-as-hyperscalers-scaled-ai-infrastructure-investment)
- Role: Original Q4 2025 release.
- Captured claims: {"quarter":"Q4 2025","geography":"Global","value_billion":"110.9","growth_percent":"29","growth_basis":"Year on year; currency adjustment not specified","currency":"US$","vendor_shares_percent":{"AWS":32,"Microsoft Azure":22,"Google Cloud":12},"categories":["BMaaS","IaaS","PaaS","CaaS","serverless"],"hosting_rule":"Third-party hosting and Internet availability","metric_label":"spending"}.
- Short exact evidence: “bare metal as a service (BMaaS)”.
- Supports: Printed total, year-on-year rate, service taxonomy, delivery rule and vendor shares.
- Limits: No dedicated-private exclusion stated. No separate SaaS/professional-services exclusion sentence, detailed modeling rules, FX policy, complete vendor universe or numeric reconciliation.

### S3 — Cloud Infrastructure Services
- Publisher: Synergy Research Group.
- Publication date: Not disclosed on inspected page; accessed 30 September 2026.
- URL: [Synergy Research Group: Current research-program description; not frozen Q4 2025 method](https://www.srgresearch.com/research/cloud-infrastructure-services)
- Role: Current research-program description; not frozen Q4 2025 method.
- Captured claims: {"scope":["IaaS","PaaS","Managed/Hosted Private Cloud","GenAI offerings"],"provider_count":"More than 120","update_marker":"Published through Q2 2026"}.
- Short exact evidence: “More than 120 cloud service providers are tracked”.
- Supports: Current program coverage and revenue tracking.
- Limits: Undated live page reflects Q2 2026 coverage. Does not prove exact Q4 2025 provider count or model.

### S4 — Cloud SaaS Services
- Publisher: Synergy Research Group.
- Publication date: Not disclosed on inspected page; accessed 30 September 2026.
- URL: [Synergy Research Group: Current separate SaaS research program](https://www.srgresearch.com/research/cloud-saas-services)
- Role: Current separate SaaS research program.
- Captured claims: {"scope":"Centrally hosted subscription/pay-as-you-go software; separate enterprise and consumer SaaS segments"}.
- Supports: SaaS is a separately described research program.
- Limits: Supports interpreting S1 as infrastructure scope; does not reveal every borderline AI/product allocation.

### S5 — Cloud Ecosystems Analysis
- Publisher: Omdia.
- Publication date: Not disclosed on inspected page; accessed 30 September 2026.
- URL: [Omdia: Linked current product overview, three-page PDF](https://omdia.tech.informa.com/-/media/tech/omdia/product-overview/channel/omdia-product-overview-cloud-ecosystems.pdf?rev=f9a4983f7af042e3aed4d53dff08c36b)
- Role: Linked current product overview, three-page PDF.
- Captured claims: {"coverage":"IaaS and PaaS; four regions; direct, one-tier and two-tier channel splits","key_vendors":["AWS","Microsoft Azure","Google Cloud","IBM","Oracle","Alibaba Cloud","Huawei Cloud","China Telecom","Salesforce","Tencent Cloud","Baidu AI Cloud"]}.
- Supports: Program scope and example vendors; p2. Marketplace data are a separate deliverable.
- Limits: Key-vendor list is not an exhaustive universe. No publication date or Q4-specific model disclosed. Cannot substitute other Omdia cloud trackers for this series.

### S6 — Cloud Infrastructure Services Market – Worldwide – 4Q25
- Publisher: Omdia.
- Publication date: 2026-05-12
- URL: [Omdia: Public catalog description of gated dataset](https://omdia.tech.informa.com/om145075/cloud-infrastructure-services-market--worldwide--4q25)
- Role: Public catalog description of gated dataset.
- Captured claims: {"author":"Yi Zhang","scope":"Quarterly worldwide cloud infrastructure value by provider and region","access":"Subscription required"}.
- Supports: A Q4 2025 data product exists, labeled 12 May 2026.
- Limits: Only public abstract inspected. No paid dataset access. Later listing date does not establish a revision or superseding value.

### S7 — Growth in global cloud services spend slows to lowest rate ever in Q3 2022
- Publisher: Canalys.
- Publication date: 2022-11-01
- URL: [Canalys: Original historical definition; three-page PDF](https://canalys.com/static/press_release/2022/1524895365Worldwide-Cloud-services-Q3-2022.pdf)
- Role: Original historical definition; three-page PDF.
- Captured claims: {"definition":"IaaS/PaaS on dedicated hosted private or shared public infrastructure; direct SaaS expenditure excluded, underlying infrastructure included"}.
- Short exact evidence: “either on dedicated hosted private infrastructure or shared public infrastructure”.
- Supports: Historical Canalys taxonomy; definition near end of p2.
- Limits: Historical context only. Cannot establish unchanged Omdia Q4 2025 rules. The newer Canalys HTML link redirected to Omdia homepage; search-cached Q1 2024 text was not promoted to live evidence.
- Observed resolved URL: [original PDF CDN](https://canalys-prod-public.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/static/press_release/2022/1524895365Worldwide-Cloud-services-Q3-2022.pdf).

### S8 — Cloud Market Jumped to $330 billion in 2024 – GenAI is Now Driving Half of the Growth
- Publisher: Synergy Research Group.
- Publication date: 2025-02-06
- URL: [Synergy Research Group: Original historical release](https://www.srgresearch.com/articles/cloud-market-jumped-to-330-billion-in-2024-genai-is-now-driving-half-of-the-growth)
- Role: Original historical release.
- Captured claims: {"q4_2024_billion":"90.6","full_year_2024_billion":"330.4"}.
- Supports: Earlier published baseline, at its release vintage.
- Limits: Not a frozen/revised Q4 2024 value from the 2026 database. Differences with S1 do not by themselves prove revision.

### S9 — Amazon.com Announces Fourth Quarter Results
- Publisher: Amazon Investor Relations.
- Publication date: 2026-02-05
- URL: [Amazon Investor Relations: Primary company disclosure](https://ir.aboutamazon.com/news-release/news-release-details/2026/Amazon-com-Announces-Fourth-Quarter-Results/)
- Role: Primary company disclosure.
- Captured claims: {"period_end":"2025-12-31","aws_q4_net_sales_million":"35579","headline_aws_sales_billion":"35.6"}.
- Supports: AWS company segment net sales; quarterly table in millions.
- Limits: Company segment accounting is not a proven match to either analyst's eligible market numerator. No inference that an analyst is wrong.

### S10 — GenAI Helps Drive Quarterly Cloud Revenues to $119 Billion as Growth Rate Jumped Yet Again in Q4
- Publisher: TechInsights.
- Publication date: 2026-02-05
- URL: [TechInsights: Same-origin republication](https://www.techinsights.com/blog/genai-helps-drive-quarterly-cloud-revenues-119-billion-growth-rate-jumped-yet-again-q4)
- Role: Same-origin republication.
- Supports: Explicit Synergy attribution and matching release text.
- Limits: Same Synergy data family; not independent confirmation.

### S11 — GenAI drives $119B cloud revenue in Q4
- Publisher: TechTarget.
- Publication date: 2026-02-06
- URL: [TechTarget: Secondary reporting](https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/news/366638805/GenAI-drives-119B-cloud-revenue-in-Q4)
- Role: Secondary reporting.
- Captured claims: {"body_google_share":"15%","chart_google_share":"14%","visible_byline":"Kathleen Casey","visible_date":"06 Feb 2026"}.
- Supports: Article explicitly links S1; live body/chart discrepancy is observable.
- Limits: Use S1's 14%. Parallel metadata gave 2026-09-28 and Exa byline differed; visible page date and byline take precedence. Do not diagnose why error occurred.

### S12 — Omdia: Global Cloud Infrastructure Spending Rose 29% in Q4 2025 as Hyperscalers Scaled AI Infrastructure Investment
- Publisher: Yahoo Finance / Business Wire.
- Publication date: 2026-03-26
- URL: [Yahoo Finance / Business Wire: Press-release syndication](https://finance.yahoo.com/sectors/technology/articles/omdia-global-cloud-infrastructure-spending-090000052.html)
- Role: Press-release syndication.
- Supports: Business Wire credit and matching Omdia figures.
- Limits: One Omdia statistic family. Business Wire landing page encountered access protection in discovery; Yahoo's wire attribution observed, not a separate empirical validation.

### S13 — Omdia: Global cloud infrastructure spending rose 29% in Q4 2025 as hyperscalers scaled AI infrastructure investment
- Publisher: Intelligent CIO Europe.
- Publication date: 2026-03-27
- URL: [Intelligent CIO Europe: Secondary coverage](https://www.intelligentcio.com/eu/2026/03/27/omdia-global-cloud-infrastructure-spending-rose-29-in-q4-2025-as-hyperscalers-scaled-ai-infrastructure-investment/)
- Role: Secondary coverage.
- Supports: Attribution and matching total; URL carries date.
- Limits: Omdia source family. March 27 date is URL/search evidence; extracted page metadata did not resolve publication date independently.

### S14 — A clearer view of the evidence
- Publisher: New Eruditions.
- Publication date: Not disclosed on inspected page; accessed 30 September 2026.
- URL: [New Eruditions: Live editorial context](https://neweruditions.com/methodology)
- Role: Live editorial context.
- Supports: Source lineage, scope, distinction among statement types and visible uncertainty.
- Limits: Intended standards; not a claim of past commissioned research.

### S15 — Start a conversation
- Publisher: New Eruditions.
- Publication date: Not disclosed on inspected page; accessed 30 September 2026.
- URL: [New Eruditions: Live contact context](https://neweruditions.com/contact)
- Role: Live contact context.
- Captured claims: {"email":"private@neweruditions.com"}.
- Supports: Correction/contact path.
- Limits: No message sent.

### S16 — How to write a useful research brief
- Publisher: New Eruditions.
- Publication date: 2026-09-26
- URL: [New Eruditions: Live published internal-link target](https://neweruditions.com/insights/how-to-write-a-research-brief)
- Role: Live published internal-link target.
- Captured claims: {"last_reviewed":"2026-09-26","last_updated":"2026-09-30"}.
- Supports: Existing guide and published route.
- Limits: Live visible dates prevail over older checkout and extractor publication metadata.

### S17 — Worldwide cloud infrastructure services spend, Q4 2025
- Publisher: Omdia Cloud Channels Analysis.
- Publication date: 2026-03
- URL: [Omdia Cloud Channels Analysis: Original chart embedded in S2](https://omdia.tech.informa.com/-/media/tech/omdia/marketing/pr/2026/mar/worldwide-cloud-infrastructure-services-spend-q4-2025.jpg?rev=f764e8e767e54915829986cf120ab24d&hash=5C04A9C7AAC5C2C7414A99ACBF591CB9)
- Role: Original chart embedded in S2.
- Captured claims: {"total_billion":"110.9","shares_percent":{"AWS":32,"Azure":22,"Google":12,"Others":34},"top_three_percent":66}.
- Supports: Visible original chart matches release.
- Limits: Same Omdia origin; shares printed as whole percentages. Inspected in browser, no original chart reproduced in deliverable.

## Acquisition and source-quality notes
Exa searched six focused queries with five requested results apiece: 30 result slots screened, with overlap. This is a retrieval count, not 30 independent sources reviewed in full. Parallel Search supplied additional discovery and focused extracts. Firecrawl fetched original pages with maxAge=0. Browser inspection verified the visible text of both releases and Omdia's original chart. A search snippet was never sufficient by itself to settle a disputed definition or date.

Synergy's original chart asset was blocked in the browser; its text release supplied the totals and shares, so the blocked chart was not used as evidence. The Omdia chart was visibly inspected and matched its release. The Canalys Q1 2024 HTML URL redirected to the Omdia homepage; the cached search result was used only to locate a surviving historical PDF, S7. The PDF was live-fetched and carries its own 1 November 2022 dateline.

Omdia's May 2026 catalog page exposed an abstract and subscription requirement. Its internal data and methodology were not accessed. A different Omdia cloud-software tracker surfaced in searches and includes SaaS; it was excluded from this comparison because it is not the Cloud Ecosystems/Cloud Channels series behind S2.

Dates taken from visible datelines outrank extractor metadata. TechTarget's visible date is 6 February 2026 despite a Parallel metadata value of 28 September. The existing New Eruditions guide visibly retains 26 September publication and review dates, with 30 September update; it is not evidence that this market article has been published.

## Search limits and unresolved evidence
No public product-level bridge, full quarter-specific vendor census, detailed FX conversion table, analyst model or revision log was found. The claim is “not disclosed in the material inspected,” not “the analyst has no method.” Searches found older quarter definitions, which are labeled historical. No analyst was contacted.


## Supporting glossary and SEO sources
### S18 — Types of Cloud Computing
- Publisher: AWS.
- Publication date: not verified; accessed 30 September 2026.
- URL: [Types of Cloud Computing](https://aws.amazon.com/types-of-cloud-computing/)
- Role: Primary provider glossary.
- Supports: IaaS includes compute, networking and storage; PaaS focuses on application deployment/management.
- Limits: Current provider explanation, not analyst-specific market taxonomy. Extractor date not used as a verified publication date.

### S19 — Article
- Publisher: Schema.org.
- Publication date: not verified; accessed 30 September 2026.
- URL: [Article](https://schema.org/Article)
- Role: Schema definition.
- Supports: Article type for editorial content.
- Limits: Metadata recommendation only; no ranking guarantee.

### S20 — Article structured data
- Publisher: Google Search Central.
- Publication date: not verified; accessed 30 September 2026.
- URL: [Article structured data](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/article)
- Role: Primary current implementation guidance.
- Supports: Article markup and Organization/Person author recommendations consistent with visible byline.
- Limits: No guarantee of search appearance.